Shingles Vaccine: Essential Protection or Optional Choice
Introduction:
Shingles is a painful rash caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), responsible for chickenpox also. It occurs most commonly in adults over 50 and people who had experienced chickenpox are more prone to it. The rash appears on one side of the body, often as a single stripe of blisters. Shingles is not contagious, but if any person gets exposed to virus, he may get chickenpox but not Shingles., if he has not experienced in early days.
For prevention against complications due to Shingles, vaccine is already available but medication needs to be started as early as possible
Causes of Shingles / Symptoms
After recovery of person from chicken pox, the virus named as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), becomes inactive and remains dormant in the body’s nerve tissues. Years later, it can reactivate and cause shingles, typically in older adults or individuals with weakened immune systems, When single strip of painful rashes appear in our body on one side, it is known as Shingles.
Obvious symptoms are as below:
v Painful rash. pain, itching, tingling, or numbness usually occurs before the rash appears. This can happen days or even weeks before the rash.
v Rashes can also appear on the face, sometimes near the eye. If it occurs near the eye, it is a medical emergency. Contact your health-care provider right away.
v The rash consists of small, fluid-filled blisters that break open and crust over within a few days.
v Some people may experience fever, headache, chills and fatigue.
v The pain associated with shingles can be intense and is often described as burning, throbbing or stabbing.
Risk factors
v Weakened immune system. Conditions like HIV and AIDS, cancer, and organ transplantation, as well as medications that suppress the immune system, can increase the risk.
v Stress. During periods of high stress, immune system can become weak temporarily which can potentially trigger shingles outbreak.
v Certain medical conditions. Conditions like diabetes, chronic kidney disease and lung disease may increase the risk.
Transmission
Shingles itself is not contagious, but the virus can spread through direct contact with the fluid from the shingles blisters. Once the blisters crust over, the risk of spreading the virus is very low.
To prevent spreading the virus:
- keep the rash covered
- avoid touching the rash
- wash your hands frequently.
It's especially important to avoid contact with:
- pregnant women who have never had chickenpox or the vaccine
- newborns
- people with weakened immune systems.
Diagnosis
The unique pattern – a stripe of blisters on one side of the body – is often a clear indicator. Diagnosis is based on the characteristic appearance of the rash.
If diagnosis is uncertain, especially if the rash is atypical or if there are complications, lab sample can confirm.
Prevention
Best prevention is via vaccination which is 90%effectve, Vaccine is easily available in market. WHO recommends the use of the recombinant herpes zoster vaccine in a 2-dose schedule with a minimum 2-month interval between doses, for the prevention of herpes zoster in older adults.
The vaccine is highly effective and licensed for adults age 50 years and older, even if they've had shingles before.
Being vaccinated significantly reduces the risk of developing shingles and PHN.
Who should get vaccinated:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends shingles vaccination for:
· Adults aged 50 and older.
· Adults 19 and older with weakened immune systems due to disease or therapy.
Treatment
The primary treatment for shingles involves antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir. These medications can help:
- Reduce the severity and duration of the illness
- Reduce the risk of complications.
Antiviral medications are most effective if started within 72 hours of the rash appearing.
Other treatments include:
- Pain relievers. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen (paracetamol) can help manage the pain. In some cases, stronger pain medications, such as opioids or nerve pain medications, may be prescribed.
- Calamine lotion or cool compresses. These can help soothe the skin and relieve itching.
- Keeping the rash clean and dry. This helps prevent secondary bacterial infections.
Complications
The most common complication of shingles is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), which is persistent nerve pain that can last for months or even years after the rash has healed. This pain can be severe and debilitating.
Other complications can include:
- Bacterial infections of the blisters
- Scarring
- Eye problems or vision loss (if the rash involves the eye area)
- In rare cases, pneumonia, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), or stroke.
People with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for these severe complications.
Natural ways to prevention:
Boosting Immunity Naturally
A strong immune system can help keep the varicella-zoster virus dormant. This includes:
- Regular physical activity
- Stress management
- Adequate sleep
- A healthy, balanced diet
Role of Dietary Supplements in Prevention of Shingles
While vaccination remains the cornerstone of prevention, dietary supplements can play a supportive role by strengthening the immune system and potentially lowering the risk of virus reactivation.
1. Vitamin C
Regular intake of vitamin C-rich foods or supplements may support your body’s defence against shingles because Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that boosts immune function and helps the body combat viral infections.
Sources: Citrus fruits, berries, bell peppers, broccoli, and supplements (500-1000 mg/day).
2. Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is directly linked with nerve issues and weakened immunity. In case of low levels, supplementing B12 can help improve nerve health and potentially reduce the severity of shingles-related nerve pain.
Sources: Eggs, meat, dairy, fortified cereals, and B12 supplements.
3. Zinc
Zinc plays very important role in wound healing and maintaining immune system. It also plays a role in antiviral defence mechanisms.
Sources: Pumpkin seeds, lentils, chickpeas, nuts, and zinc supplements.
4. L-Lysine
L-Lysine is an amino acid known for its antiviral properties, particularly against the herpes virus family. Though research is mixed, some studies suggest it may help prevent or reduce the severity of outbreaks.
Sources: Legumes, eggs, fish, and supplements (under professional guidance).
5. Probiotics
A healthy gut supports a healthy immune system. Probiotic supplements or fermented foods may help regulate immunity and reduce the likelihood of virus reactivation because probiotics supports gut health and immune system.
Sources: Yogurt, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, kombucha.
Note: Supplements are not a substitute for vaccination but can complement overall immune health. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.
Are There Any Side Effects of the Shingles Vaccine?
Most side effects are mild and temporary, including:
- Soreness at the injection site
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Fever
- Muscle pain
These symptoms generally subside within 2 to 3 days. Severe allergic reactions are rare but should be reported immediately.
Conclusion
Vaccination is the most reliable and effective way to prevent shingles and its complications. While lifestyle changes and dietary supplements can enhance immunity, they do not offer the targeted protection that vaccines do. Given the potentially severe consequences of shingles—especially postherpetic neuralgia—preventive vaccination is a smart and scientifically backed health decision.
If you're over 50 or have risk factors such as a weakened immune system, consult your healthcare provider about getting vaccinated. Shingles is preventable, and a simple two-dose vaccine can save you from months or even years of pain.
Note: All data in this blog is compilation of information from WHO website.
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